Predictors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertensive Patients: A One- Year Prospective Study at Hamad General Hospital, Qatar

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor of chronic kidney disease. With the rising prevalence of hypertension worldwide, the burden of patients with chronic kidney disease is expected to be higher. Early detection and treatment of hypertensive patients with renal impairment is therefore critically important and would prevent progression of kidney disease. This study aims to identify the predictors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with diagnosis of essential hypertension. Methods: This prospective, descriptive study, which was conducted at Hamad General Hospital involved patients with a diagnosis of essential hypertension, admitted to the medical ward during the periods from June 2013 till June 2014. Results: A total of 112 patients were enrolled in the study and the prevalence of CKD was 49.1%. Univariate analysis revealed that long standing hypertension (> 5 years), alcohol consumption, history of TIA/stroke, presence of proteinuria, history of CAD, ECG-determined left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and hyperlipidemia were probable predictors of CKD. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis we found long standing hypertension (≥ 5 years), presence of proteinuria and ECG-determined LVH to be independent predictors of CKD. Conclusions: CKD was found in 49.1% of our patients. Long standing hypertension, presence of proteinuria and ECG-determined LVH were independent predictors of CKD. We recommend utilizing resources to initiate CKD screening programs to assist in early diagnosis of CKD among hypertensive patients.