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Abstract
BackgroundCervical cancer is a global public health problem and the second most common cancer causing morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Few available evidences revealed that despite distribution and severity of cervical cancer among HIV-positive women and the ease with which it can be prevented, cervical cancer screening practice in Ethiopia among them is considerably low. Thus, this study aims to assess predictors of cervical cancer screening practice among HIV-positive women by applying health belief model concepts.MethodsFacility based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bishoftu. Data was collected from 475 women who visit the health facilities for anti-retroviral services using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Champion’s revised Health Belief Model sub-scales were used as data collection tools containing sources of information, knowledge, perception on cervical cancer screening and cervical cancer screening practice as variables. Frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to describe findings. Multi-variable logistic regression and 95% confidence intervals were considered to identify predictors of cervical cancer screening practice by controlling possible confounders.ResultsCervical cancer screening practice among HIV-positive women in this study was 25%. Health proffesionals were the main sources of information about cervical cancer and its screening. There was a difference between the ‘ever’ and ‘never’ screened groups in mean scores of their perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived self-efficacy, perceived threat and net-benefit towards screening (P < 0.05). Perceived self-efficacy (AOR 1.24, 95%CI 1.13–1.37), perceived threat (AOR 1.08, 95%CI 1.05–1.12) and perceived net-benefit (AOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12, 1.24) were the predictors of cervical cancer screening practice.ConclusionsCervical cancer screening practice in this study was lower than that of the recommended coverage of the target group by the national guideline (80%). This finding has an important implication for public health intervention aimed at cervical cancer prevention. Morever, womens’ perceptions on cervical cancer screening had a significant influence on the utilization of cervical cancer screening service. Therefore, educational programmes geared towards severity of the case, availability of screeningand helpfulness of being screened can significantly improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is a global public health problem and the second most common cancer causing morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia
Cervical Cancer (CC) is malignancy of the cervix caused by the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) which interferes with the normal functioning of cells that will result in a distinct change in the epithelial cells of transformation zone of the cervix [1]
This study showed the odds of cervical cancer screening was about 6 and 3 times higher for those participants who worked as government employed (AOR 5.505 95% CI: 2.628, 11.532) and self-employed (AOR 3.047 95% CI: 1.298, 7.151) compared with unemployed
Summary
Cervical cancer is a global public health problem and the second most common cancer causing morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess predictors of cervical cancer screening practice among HIV-positive women by applying health belief model concepts. Cervical cancer is an alarmung public health problem worldwide [2,3,4]. In developing countries, it is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer after breast cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death after breast and lung cancers [3]. In Ethiopia, cervical cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women aged 15 to 44 years [6]. Every year 7600 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and approximately 5000 die from the disease [7, 8]
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