Abstract
ObjectiveExercise interventions benefit cancer patients. However, only low numbers of patients adhere to these interventions. This review aimed to identify predictors of exercise intervention adherence in patients with cancer, during and after multimodality cancer treatment.MethodsA literature search was performed using electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) to identify relevant papers published before February 1, 2017. Papers reporting randomized controlled trials, conducted in adult cancer patients who participated in an exercise intervention during and/or after multimodality cancer treatment, and providing outcome of factors predicting exercise adherence were included. Papers were assessed for methodological quality by using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale.ResultsThe search identified 720 potentially relevant papers, of which 15 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. In these 15 studies, 2279 patients were included and 1383 of these patients were randomized to an exercise intervention. During cancer treatment, the factors predicting exercise adherence were as follows: location of the rehabilitation center, extensive exercise history, high motivation for exercise, and fewer exercise limitations. After cancer treatment, factors that predicted adherence were as follows: less extensive surgery, low alcohol consumption, high previous exercise adherence, family support, feedback by trainers, and knowledge and skills of exercise. Methodological quality of the included papers was rated “high”.ConclusionsThe most prominent predictors of adherence to exercise interventions were location of the rehabilitation center, extensive exercise history, high motivation for exercise, and fewer exercise limitations. To increase the number of cancer patients who will benefit, these results should be considered into the development and implementation of future exercise interventions.
Highlights
Cancer affects millions of people worldwide, and in 2012, the reported incidence was 14.1 million.[1]
Cancer treatment can result in inactivity and weight gain, as previously described in patients diagnosed with breast cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and leukemia.[9,10,11]
This review summarizes predictors of adherence to exercise intervention by patients during and after multimodality cancer treatment
Summary
Cancer affects millions of people worldwide, and in 2012, the reported incidence was 14.1 million.[1] Earlier and more accurate cancer diagnosis in combination with better treatments have improved cancer survival.[2,3,4] Over the last 2 decades, survival rates have increased significantly. In the United States alone, there were more than 14 million cancer survivors and these numbers are expected to increase up to an estimated 18 million in 2020.2,3. Wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pon 713 treatment can result in deterioration of physical fitness, decreased muscle strength, fatigue, and a reduced quality of life.[6,7,8] Cancer treatment can result in inactivity and weight gain, as previously described in patients diagnosed with breast cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and leukemia.[9,10,11] cancer survivors frequently experience long‐term adverse events related to the cancer treatment such as the development of metabolic syndrome and subsequent cardiovascular disease.[12,13,14]
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