Abstract
Sickle cell anemia affects more than 30 million people worldwide. Chronic kidney disease develops in 40% of individuals. The death rate of patients with sickle nephropathy is still high, with little known predictors related to its development. To answer the question "What predictors are associated with the onset of chronic kidney disease in patients with sickle cell anemia?", this article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of sickle nephropathy, making possible a new look at the sickle cell anemia and its kidney complications. A systematic review was developed, using the PRISMA recommendation, for cohort studies on predictors related to the outcome of sickle nephropathy in patients with sickle cell anemia. Initially 321 studies were identified in Pubmed, of which six were selected to compose this systematic review. Lower hemoglobin levels, increased ages and albuminuria were the most pointed predictors associated with chronic kidney disease. The main predictors associated with the development of chronic kidney disease in individuals with sickle cell anemia were lower hemoglobin levels, increased ages, and albuminuria. New studies evaluating predictors for the development of chronic kidney disease in sickle cell anemia are needed to better understand its installation and prevent its progression.
Highlights
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) was presented by Linus Pauling in 1949 as an autosomal recessive disease in which multiple organs are affected[1] and ever since it has become a prevalent genetic disease in the world: more than 30 million people are affected worldwide[2]
To answer the question “What predictors are associated with the onset of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with SCA?”, this article seeks to contribute towards a better understanding of sickle nephropathy (SN), making possible a new look at the SCA and its kidney complications, which will contribute towards early detection, better management and, an improvement in the prognosis of the disease
CKD caused by other diseases can lead to anemia, which raises the question: is CKD linked to anemia or is anemia a predictor of SN? Naik et al described the pathophysiology of SN, correlating with anemia
Summary
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) was presented by Linus Pauling in 1949 as an autosomal recessive disease in which multiple organs are affected[1] and ever since it has become a prevalent genetic disease in the world: more than 30 million people are affected worldwide[2]. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops in 40% of individuals, and 15–30% die due to kidney complications[5]. Among individuals who reach the fourth decade of life, half have end-stage kidney damage[6]. The average life expectancy of patients with SCA has increased thanks to better management of the numerous complications of the disease, including sickle nephropathy (SN)[7]. To answer the question “What predictors are associated with the onset of CKD in patients with SCA?”, this article seeks to contribute towards a better understanding of SN, making possible a new look at the SCA and its kidney complications, which will contribute towards early detection, better management and, an improvement in the prognosis of the disease
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