Abstract
Stunting leads to the poor cognitive development, increases the risk of child mortality, and elevates the risk of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in the urban poor setting in Indonesia and investigate its predictors. This was a cross-sectional study involving 436 mothers proportionally chosen from 16 integrated health posts in Surabaya, Indonesia. The households were categorized into the two groups based on the body mass index (BMI) of mother and the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of child; households without DBM and household with DBM. Energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake were obtained using 24-h food recall and socioeconomic status was measured using a structured questionnaire. Data on socioeconomic status were educational level of mother and occupation, household income, and food expenditure. The prevalence of household with DBM was 27.5%; 12.4% pair stunted children and normal weight mother; 45.6% pair of overweight/obese mother and normal height children. The logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in the education level and occupation of mother, protein intake of the children, and fat intake of the mother between households with and without DBM. This study offers an important insight to improve the knowledge of mother related to the protein intake of children to reduce stunting risk and fat intake of mother to prevent over-nutrition.
Highlights
Ending all forms of malnutrition, such as stunting was one of the Sustainable Development Goals [1]
Many developing countries are suffering from the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) defined as the coexistence of under-nutrition and over-nutrition or diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) due to significant nutrition shifts [2,3,4]
The ANOVA test revealed that compared with the nutritional status of mother, there was a significant difference in terms of age of mother (p < 0.001), number of children in the household (p < 0.001), and daily fat intake of the mother (p = 0.016), but no difference in the terms of age of children (p = 0.392), and daily intake of energy, carbohydrate, and protein
Summary
Ending all forms of malnutrition, such as stunting was one of the Sustainable Development Goals [1]. Child malnutrition could lead to the poor cognitive development, and lower immune system increasing the risk of infection and child mortality [8, 9]. Another finding explained that children malnutrition led to an increased risk of NCDs such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases, which is the Household Double Burden Malnutrition impact of over-nutrition [10]. A similar trend was reported in Indonesia in which NCDs account for 59.5% of the leading causes of death, one out of two due to cardiovascular disease [12]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
