Abstract
Metal forming is the most used technique to manufacture complex geometry pieces in the most efficient way, and the technological progress related to the various application fields requires increasingly higher quality standards. In order to achieve such a requirement, people are forced to perform quality and compliance tests finalized to guarantee that these standards are met; this often implies a waste of material and economic resources. In the case of welded stainless steel pipes, several critical points affecting the general trend of subsequent machining need to be taken into account. In this framework, the aim of the paper is to study the effects of different process parameters and geometrical characteristics on various members of the stainless steel family during finite elements method (FEM) simulations. The analysis of the simulation outputs, such as stress, strain, and thickness, is reported through mappings, in order to evaluate their variation, caused by the variation of the simulation input parameters. The feasibility of the simulated process is evaluated through the use of forming limit diagrams (FLD). An experimental validation of the model is performed by comparison with real cases. Major parameters that mainly guide the outcome of the simulations are highlighted.
Highlights
Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from the scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility, together with corrosion resistance [1,2,3,4,5]
Stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century, and their annual consumption has increased with a rate of 5% during the last 20 years, faster than other materials [6]
Metal forming is the most used technique to manufacture complex geometry pieces in the most efficient way, and the technological progress related to the various application fields requires increasingly higher quality standards
Summary
Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from the scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility, together with corrosion resistance [1,2,3,4,5] Thanks to such properties, stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century, and their annual consumption has increased with a rate of 5% during the last 20 years, faster than other materials [6]. From the prospective of plastic forming, the plastic processing of welded pipes is characterized by a poor homogeneity of the behavior, especially in the case of ferritic steels [9] This involves a certain percentage of unreliability in the tests, carried out on random samples, because of the nature of the steel itself, whose behavior can be completely modified by defects and inhomogeneity. These checks, generally carried out by means of tensile tests according to specifications, are not sufficient to guarantee the required standards
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