Predictive Role of Oral Biomarkers and Periodontal Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy in women who did not previously have diabetes. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels that develop during pregnancy and typically resolve after childbirth. GDM occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin to meet the increased demand during pregnancy or when the body becomes resistant to the action of insulin. It can have significant implications for both the mother and the baby if not managed properly.In Pakistan, GDM prevalence is reported to be from 4 to 10%. While Asian countries report a wide range from 1.2 to 49.5%, largely accounting for differences in diagnostic criteria, sample size, and population source. KEYWORDS: gestational diabetes, pregnant women, biomarkers, prevalence