Predictive role of hematological indices in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Ethiopia: Intrahospital outcomes

Abstract

BackgroundApart from troponins, various additional biomarkers that indicate myocardial injury, inflammation, thrombosis, and other routes are being studied to improve the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Myeloid activity has been found to be elevated in ACS, and this has sparked a great deal of interest in hematological parameters since they might offer independent insights into pathophysiology and risk assessment. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the hematological markers' prognostic ability for all intrahospital causes of mortality in individuals with an ACS diagnosis. MethodsA long-term cohort study based at an institution was done. At Jimma Medical Center, patients with an ACS diagnosis were progressively brought in between May 1, 2022, and October 31, 2023. Complete blood counts (CBC) and biochemical analysis were carried out. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression was computed to evaluate the predictive competence of hematological indices on intrahospital mortality. Prognostic performance of hematological parameters was done using the ROC curve analysis. ResultA total of 110 patients were included, of which 99 (90 %) were diagnosed ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and 74 (67.3 %) were men. The mean age was 56 (±11) years. RDW, platelet count, and MCV were independently associated with intrahospital mortality (AOR = 1.20 with P < 0.001, AOR = 0.995 with P < 0.03, and AOR = 0.897 with P < 0.025, respectively). The predictive power of RDW-SD for intrahospital mortality was evaluated by ROC analysis, the AUC value were 0.737 (95 % CI 0.669–0.805). ConclusionThis study found that red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular volume, and platelets were predictive factors for intrahospital death in patients with ACS. Thus, it is possible to predict the prognosis of an ACS patient using hematological data.