Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a psychosocial analysis of child-to-parent violence (CPV) in a sample of school adolescents, considering a set of individual variables (psychological distress, problematic use of social networking sites, and perceived non-conformist social reputation) and family variables (open and problematic communication with parents) according to sex. The sample consisted of 3,731 adolescents (54% boys), aged between 14 and 16 years (M = 14.6 years, SD = 0.567), from the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. The scores of the boys and girls were analyzed to check for differences. Also, correlations between all the study variables were calculated. Finally, a multiple stepwise regression analysis was carried out for the total sample and also for boys and girls separately. Results confirmed the important role of individual variables as predictors of CPV in boys and girls. The main difference between boys and girls was observed in the predictive weight of problematic use of social networking sites, which was higher in girls than in boys. Open communication with the father was a significant factor for predicting the decrease of CPV levels in the case of boys, while open communication with the mother predicted the decrease of CPV in girls. Problematic communication with the mother showed similar values in boys and girls when predicting CPV, however, the predictive weight of problematic communication with the father was higher in girls than in boys. These results are interesting and have important implications for the prevention of CPV.
Highlights
Child-to-parent violence is defined as any repeated harmful act carried out by children against their parents or any other figure occupying their role of authority, with the main and ultimate objective of gaining power and/ or control over them, achieving different specific objectives during the process (Llamazares et al, 2013; Holt, 2016).In terms of the prevalence of this problem in adolescents, data available in scientific literature are extremely disparate due to the different definition and measurement criteria used when analyzing this problem (Holt, 2016)
Significant differences between boys and girls were observed in verbal CPV (VCPV), problematic use of social networking sites (PUSNSs), perceived non-conformist social reputation (PNCSR), psychological distress (PD), PCM, open communication with their fathers (OCF), and problematic communication with the father (PCF), but no sex-based differences were observed in physical CPV (PCPV)
On the other hand, considering the size of the effect, the significant differences obtained according to sex were relevant only in the case of VCPV, PUSNS, and PD
Summary
Child-to-parent violence (hereinafter “CPV”) is defined as any repeated harmful act (physical, psychological, or economic) carried out by children against their parents or any other figure occupying their role of authority, with the main and ultimate objective of gaining power and/ or control over them, achieving different specific objectives (material or otherwise) during the process (Llamazares et al, 2013; Holt, 2016).In terms of the prevalence of this problem in adolescents, data available in scientific literature are extremely disparate due to the different definition and measurement criteria used when analyzing this problem (Holt, 2016). Regarding economic CPV, few studies have reported data on this type of violence but the available information indicates percentages of prevalence ranging between 29 and 60% for damage to property and at 15.8% in the case of stealing (Condry and Miles, 2014; Margolin and Baucom, 2014; Rico et al, 2017; Arias-Rivera and Hidalgo, 2020; Contreras et al, 2020). Considering data by country, prevalence of physical CPV (PCPV) in the United States and Canada ranges between 11 and 22%, while verbal CPV (VCPV) ranges between 51 and 75% (Pagani et al, 2009; Margolin and Baucom, 2014). Regarding the age range of the aggressor, this may be established at between 4 and 24 years, most cases occur in middle adolescence (14–17 years), progressively decreasing as age increases (Ibabe and Bentler, 2016; Simmons et al, 2018)
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