Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate the structural changes associated with visual acuity (VA) in patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MT) type 1 using multimodal imaging modalities.MethodsA retrospective study of 14 patients with MT type 1 and of 10 eyes from 10 healthy individuals as age-matched controls was conducted. The medical records of patients who had undergone colour fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography and OCT angiography were reviewed. Central macular thickness (CMT), the areas of macular oedema and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, EZ length, disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption, as measured by spectral domain OCT; and vascular density and the foveal avascular zones (FAZ) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), as measured by OCT angiography, were assessed in MT type 1 eyes and correlated with VA.ResultsThe mean baseline best-corrected VA of MT type 1 eyes was 0.45 ± 0.28. The mean CMT was 385.19 ± 75.21 μm in MT type 1 eyes and 252.43 ± 15.77 μm in contralateral eyes (Z = − 4.113, p < 0.001). The mean vessel density of the DCP was lower in MT type 1 eyes (47.25 ± 4.69%) than in contralateral eyes (53.93 ± 2.94%) and normal eyes (59.37 ± 2.50%) (Z = − 3.492, − 4.099; p < 0.001, < 0.001). The baseline logMAR VA was correlated with CMT (r = 0.682, p = 0.007), SCP density (r = − 0.652, p = 0.012), DCP density (r = − 0.700, p = 0.005), total area of EZ disruption (r = 0.649, p = 0.012); and total lengths of EZ (r = 0.681, p = 0.007), ELM (r = 0.699, p = 0.005) and DRIL (r = 0.707, p = 0.005) disruption in the 1-mm-diameter foveal region in MT type 1 eyes.ConclusionsDecreased DCP density and the presence of DRIL may be predictive biomarkers of VA in MT type 1. CMT, SCP density, total area of EZ disruption, and lengths of EZ and ELM disruption within the 1-mm-diameter central region were strongly associated with VA.
Highlights
To evaluate the structural changes associated with visual acuity (VA) in patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MT) type 1 using multimodal imaging modalities
Previous studies of patients with MT type 1 have assessed the correlations of visual acuity (VA) with photoreceptor inner segment–outer segment (IS/OS) disruption and the cystoid space using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and that with the microvascular density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) using OCT angiography (OCTA) [3, 4]
10 right eyes imaged by SD-OCT and OCTA from 10 healthy individuals without any ocular diseases who were of similar age and sex as the MT type 1 cases were evaluated
Summary
To evaluate the structural changes associated with visual acuity (VA) in patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MT) type 1 using multimodal imaging modalities. Previous studies of patients with MT type 1 have assessed the correlations of visual acuity (VA) with photoreceptor inner segment–outer segment (IS/OS) disruption and the cystoid space using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and that with the microvascular density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) using OCT angiography (OCTA) [3, 4]. SD-OCT can be effective for evaluating the thickness of vascularized layers by automatic segmentation [5, 6], OCTA provides more detailed information of the vascular networks. OCTA is a new technology used as an auxiliary examination to provide high-resolution imaging of retinal morphology and sensitive identification of the vascular layers [7], and has become a critical method for evaluating retinal vascular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy [8, 9], retinal vein occlusion [10, 11] and MT types 1 [4, 12, 13] and 2 [14, 15]
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