Predictive factors in early onset schizophrenia.

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairment in reasoning, affectivity and social relationships. Although the diagnosis of schizophrenia in children and adolescents has been challenged for many years, at present childhood-onset schizophrenia is considered and accepted as a clinical and biological continuum with the adult-onset disorder. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of biological (psychiatric family history, perinatal factors), and socio-demographic factors (area of residence, gender) on the age at onset and severity of symptomatology in children and adolescent with schizophrenia. The data were collected from 2016 to 2019 and included 148 children and adolescents with schizophrenia. Data were analysed with statistical software (IBM SPSS 22, JASP and JAMOVI, Linear Regression Model, χ² tests, t-test, U-test). A positive familial history for psychiatric diseases was an important risk factor both for an early onset and for the severity of symptoms. Urbanicity was another studied risk factor, 61% of patients being from urban areas; no statistically significant correlations between urbanicity and age at onset and severity of symptoms were identified. There was no statistically significant gender difference in terms of age at onset and severity of symptoms. Moreover, no statistically significant correlations were found between perinatal factors and age at onset and severity of symptoms. Positive psychiatric family history showed a statistically significant influence on age at onset and symptoms severity in children and adolescent schizophrenia; no statistical significant impact on the aforementioned schizophrenia aspects was observed for urbanicity, gender or perinatal factors.