Abstract
This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) for off-board plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) chargers with photovoltaic (PV) integration using two-level four-leg inverter topology. The PEV charger is controlled by a unified controller that incorporates direct power and current MPC to dynamically control decoupled active-reactive power flow in a smart grid environment as well as to control PEV battery charging and discharging reliably. PV power generation with maximum power tracking is seamlessly integrated with the power flow control to provide additional power generation. Fast dynamic response and good steady-state performance under all power flow modes and various environmental conditions are evaluated and analyzed. From the results obtained, the charger demonstrates less than 1.5% total harmonic distortion as well as low active and reactive power ripple of less than 7% and 8% respectively on the grid for all power flow modes. The PEV battery also experiences a low charging and discharging current ripple of less than 2.5%. Therefore, the results indicate the successful implementation of the proposed charger and its control for PV integrated off-board PEV chargers.
Highlights
CrossCheck date: 5 March 2018Received: 28 August 2017 / Accepted: 5 March 2018 / Published online: 9 May 2018 Ó The Author(s) 2018 & Adrian Soon Theam TANAs the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) continue to increase, the power grid experiences new challenges in terms of grid stability, reliability, power quality and harmonics [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Motivated to fill this research gap, this paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) of off-board PEV chargers with photovoltaic (PV) integration using two-level four-leg inverter topology
General limits for Li-ion and/or lead-acid batteries are Root mean square (RMS) current ripples of 5%-10% of the rated charging demonstrates less than 1.5% total harmonic distortion (THD) as well as low active and reactive power ripple of less than 7% and 8% respectively for all power flow modes
Summary
As the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) continue to increase, the power grid experiences new challenges in terms of grid stability, reliability, power quality and harmonics [1,2,3,4,5,6]. In a single-phase on-board bidirectional charger proposed by [25], proportional-integral (PI) controllers are employed in AC/DC converters and DC/DC converters to provide constant voltage and constant current charging as well as reactive power compensation. A unified single-phase and three-phase control of on-board PEV chargers proposed by [27] utilizes separate linear controllers with respective references to provide desired control for grid power flow and battery charging. The control of the four quadrant modes is realized by incorporating both direct power and current MPC that dynamically controls the decoupled active-reactive power flow in a smart grid environment as well as controlling the PEV battery charging and discharging reliably.
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