Abstract
This paper presents predictions of spray characteristics of model gasoline, ethanol gasoline-ethanol fuel blends. Fuel breakup models and correlations between flow patterns and droplet characteristics were adopted and implemented in OpenFOAM Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling suite l for direct gasoline injector using a simple cylindrical mesh structure at constant volume. The Rosin Rammler distribution model was used to generate the number of spray particles injected into the cylinder. The spray modeling and atomization employed the use of blob sheet model and KH-RT model while the numerical technique for simulating atomization process by CFD included the use of governing equations such as Eulerian for gas phase, Lagrangian for disperse phase and turbulence modeling. Spray evolution at various energizing times particle density and The Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) relationships and particle size distribution were studied in simulation mode. The results showed that with longer injection time frame and wider injection angle, the penetration width was wider and the penetration length deeper (longer) resulting in better atomization. Concerning particle density and its distribution, as number of particle increased, the density of clusters became smaller.
Highlights
The repeated breakup of bulk liquids into an ensemble of droplets, commonly known as atomization, is a phenomenon that plays a key role in the field of combustion science and other fields such as agricultural irrigation pesticides application, fluid catalytic cracking, spray drying waste fuel reuse and medical applications in spite of the plethora of studies and publications on the subject, some aspects such as mechanisms and process paths for primary breakup are either poorly understood or remain unresolved
In Lebas et al (2009), the atomization characteristics of sprays in the dense zone was studied by Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and the Eulerian-Lagrangian Spray Atomization (ELSA) models
Soybean oil methyl ester (SME) atomization was reported by Park et al (2009), the results showed similar Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) distribution patterns for biodiesel and diesel in comparison with experimental droplet size distribution
Summary
The repeated breakup of bulk liquids into an ensemble of droplets, (sprays), commonly known as atomization, is a phenomenon that plays a key role in the field of combustion science and other fields such as agricultural irrigation pesticides application, fluid catalytic cracking, spray drying waste fuel reuse and medical applications in spite of the plethora of studies and publications on the subject, some aspects such as mechanisms and process paths for primary breakup are either poorly understood or remain unresolved. Various blends of biodiesel and diesel ranging from 0% and 100% diesel was formulated and studied at five different injection pressures and ambient pressures, in a constant volume chamber and a high speed camera was used to capture spray images. A study on the spray and combustion characteristics of bio-ethanol-gasoline blended fuel based on fuel temperature was reported in Park et al (2016). Ghahremani et al (2016) reported an experimental and theoretical study on spray behaviours of modified bio-ethanol fuel They employed an unnamed atomization model to study spray atomization indicators such as Ohnesorg number, atomization index number and Sauter Mean Diameter and used a high speed visualization method for capturing spray images. Feng (2016), investigated the effects of ethanol and gasoline addition on the spray and atomization characteristics of diesel spray, in a constant volume chamber and at various ambient and injection pressures. Wel l ru are gas and liquid Weber numbers, respectively and urel velocity of liquid droplet relation to stationary gas phase (Beale and Reitz, 1999)
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