Abstract
Abstract Two one-dimensional steady-state models of cumulus convection in common use in weather modification research, the NOAA Experimental Meteorology Branch model (EMB) and the Great Plains Cumulus Model (GPCM), differ in their formulations in several ways. Some of the differences arise from the conceptualization of the convective phenomenon which is modeled in each and some from the physical parameterizations utilized. Predictions of cloud top and dynamic modification potential (seedability) by the two models for 57 midday radiosondes in the Midwest, differed significantly, with the EMB values consistently higher. GPCM simulations provided a better overall estimate of observed radar echo tops, while EMB consistently overestimated, by largest amounts when tops were below 12 km. Study of the impact of temporal and/or spatial separation between sounding and cloud area emphasizes the need, in the Midwest, to consider factors other than thermodynamic stratification (e.g. forced lifting, convergence) on the...
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