Abstract
A nanofluid is a suspension of very small solid particles in a continuous fluid with significant improvement of heat transfer characteristics in the main liquid. In general, in industrial equipment, the heat transfer rate can be improved with optimization of equipment including the domain structure and using the different types of nanofluids. Still, there is a big challenge to analyze the heat transfer and fluid circulation in the domain. Having nanofluids with experimental observation as using sensors and probes are destructive for the liquid stream and they are costly to observe the details of particles and the original fluid. Over the 20 years, different numerical methods have been implemented in the modeling of the heat and fluid distribution in industrial equipment containing nanofluids. Among all mathematical and numerical methods, Cubic-Interpolated Pseudo-Particle (CIP) model provides a strong potential in the prediction of the fluid structure and heat analysis, when there is a complex structure of thermal walls and high concentration of nanoparticles. However, this method is not frequently used by researchers in nanofluids analysis. In this study, the Cubic-Interpolated Pseudo-Particle model is applied to predict the flow in the square domain. different thermal walls (multi-solid structure) and hot cylindrical wall are specifically used to observe the fluid flow and heat distribution in the domain. Additionally, for a better understanding of the flow in the domain, different numbers of cylinders are used and also different amounts of nanofluid in the continuous fluid are added. The results show that adding more walls in the domain causes the change in the vortex structure. Furthermore, using nanofluid results in better heat transfer rate in the system. The CIP method is also a capable tool to predict the heat and fluid flow in the multi-solid structure domain.
Highlights
It is well perceived that numerous industrial techniques are applied to increase heat transfer, the low amount of process fluid’s thermal conductivity prevents great compactness and effectiveness of heat transfer equipments
The maximum heat transfer appears at the left side of the cylinder
The results show that the Cubic-Interpolated Pseudo-Particle (CIP) method can accurately predict the nanofluid pattern and thermal distribution in the domain
Summary
It is well perceived that numerous industrial techniques are applied to increase heat transfer, the low amount of process fluid’s thermal conductivity prevents great compactness and effectiveness of heat transfer equipments. Heat transfer in fluids has a critical role in various applications such as chemical processes, power generation, reactor insolation, heating or cooling processes, microelectronics, membrane contactors, solar collectors, cooling of the electronic devices and home ventilation [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Such equipment must be designed in a way that it can provide the highest thermal efficiency and lowest size. Using nanofluids to enhance the heat transfer rate provides some advantages like size reduction in the fabricated heat transfer system, improvement in heat transfer, reduction in cost and weight of the fabricated thermal equipment, the least clogging, apparatus miniaturization, and microchannel cooling [13,14,15,16]
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