Abstract
The applicability of some numerical models for the prediction of the failure mechanism and of the bearing capacity of post-installed threaded rods chemically anchored in basalt, sandstone and limestone is investigated, as well as the reliability of theoretical formulations conceived for concrete. The numerical predictions, performed by means of engineering structural analysis software and advanced numerical codes, are compared with the results of an experimental research related to chemical anchors in natural stone. The minimum embedment depth for such fastening system is identified.
Highlights
M asonry was in the past, and is, today, one of the most commonly used materials throughout the world for the construction of low rise buildings
The numerical prediction of the failure mechanism of anchor systems chemically bonded in natural stone requires sophisticated computational tools for capturing all the evolution of the crisis process, as for instance those used in the present paper or many other, rich, often implemented in advanced commercial F.E. codes
Professional software, generally used by technicians in the field of construction and by the engineers engaged in structural analysis, are often not sufficiently equipped with advanced mechanical formulation or constitutive models
Summary
M asonry was in the past, and is, today, one of the most commonly used materials throughout the world for the construction of low rise buildings. A set of experimental tests has been numerically simulated by using some models classically implemented in engineering structural software and the limit of these predictions is highlighted Both axis-symmetric and 3D Finite Element discretisation of the anchor system have been performed. The simulation of the pull-out test has been performed by the applications of an advanced software, belonging to the scientific research field, showing that only through a refined Finite Element modeling, based on enhanced formulation, a correct prediction both of the limit strength of the anchor and of the entire failure process can be obtained. The failure mechanism of anchors in basalt and limestone was typically the yielding of the bar for an embedment length equal to five or ten times the diameter (see Fig. 2). In the case of sandstone, for each diameter and anchor length the failure was accompanied by the formation of a stone cone (see Fig. 3(c))
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