Abstract
BackgroundPermeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves is an important factor that must be considered for the appropriate selection of gloves. However, predicting the permeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves based on their physicochemical properties remains difficult. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the physicochemical properties and permeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves. Additionally, we tried to predict the risk of permeation of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves based on physicochemical parameters.MethodsTen antineoplastic agents (carboplatin, carmustine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide, fluorouracil, ifosfamide, oxaliplatin, and paclitaxel) with varying physicochemical properties were investigated, and their permeation rates (PRs) through nitrile medical gloves of varying thicknesses (0.05, 0.07, and 0.1 mm) were measured using a continuous flow in-line cell device. We also determined the apparent permeation clearance (CLP,app) values of the antineoplastic agents based on their PRs at 240 min (PR240) and assessed the relationship between CLP,app and physicochemical parameters [molecular weight (MW) and logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (LogP)].ResultsThe CLP,app values of the 10 antineoplastic agents through nitrile medical gloves (0.05 mm thickness) were significantly correlated with their MWs, but not their LogP values (P = 0.026 and 0.39, respectively; Spearman’s rank correlation). This finding indicated that the rates of diffusion of the antineoplastic agents in the glove material showed greater effects on CLP,app than the rates of absorption into the glove surfaces within 240 min of exposure. We then classified the 10 antineoplastic agents into 3 zones (Zone A, high LogP/low MW drugs; Zone B, high LogP/high MW drugs; and Zone C, low LogP) and found that Zones A, B, and C corresponded to high (PR240 > 10 ng/min/cm2), moderate (PR240 < 10 ng/min/cm2), and low (no detectable permeation) permeation risk, respectively.ConclusionsThe permeation risk of antineoplastic agents through nitrile medical gloves within the actual continuous wearing time in clinical settings could be predicted using MW and LogP values. We believe that the proposed zone classification of antineoplastic agents will be a useful tool for predicting the permeation risk of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves.
Highlights
Permeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves is an important factor that must be considered for the appropriate selection of gloves
We believe that the proposed zone classification of antineoplastic agents will be a useful tool for predicting the permeation risk of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves
Previous reports [12, 13] evaluated permeability of antineoplastic agents using permeation rates (PRs) and breakthrough detection time, the time at which Permeation rate (PR) exceeds the upper limit (10 ng/min/cm2) determined based on the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) guidelines [15]. This indicated that these previous reports did not include direct evaluation of basic kinetic parameters, such as permeation clearances, because PR depended on the concentration of antineoplastic agents used in permeation experiments. Considering these observations, we concluded that the effects of physicochemical properties on the permeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves remain incompletely understood, making it difficult to predict the permeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves based on their physicochemical properties theoretically
Summary
Permeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves is an important factor that must be considered for the appropriate selection of gloves. Previous reports [12, 13] evaluated permeability of antineoplastic agents using permeation rates (PRs) and breakthrough detection time, the time at which PR exceeds the upper limit (10 ng/min/cm2) determined based on the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) guidelines [15]. This indicated that these previous reports did not include direct evaluation of basic kinetic parameters, such as permeation clearances, because PR depended on the concentration of antineoplastic agents used in permeation experiments. Considering these observations, we concluded that the effects of physicochemical properties on the permeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves remain incompletely understood, making it difficult to predict the permeability of antineoplastic agents through medical gloves based on their physicochemical properties theoretically
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