Prediction of the Chemical Context for Buchwald‐Hartwig Coupling Reactions

Abstract

We present machine learning models for predicting the chemical context for Buchwald‐Hartwig coupling reactions, i. e., what chemicals to add to the reactants to give a productive reaction. Using reaction data from in‐house electronic lab notebooks, we train two models: one based on single‐label data and one based on multi‐label data. Both models show excellent top‐3 accuracy of approximately 90 %, which suggests strong predictivity. Furthermore, there seems to be an advantage of including multi‐label data because the multi‐label model shows higher accuracy and better sensitivity for the individual contexts than the single‐label model. Although the models are performant, we also show that such models need to be re‐trained periodically as there is a strong temporal characteristic to the usage of different contexts. Therefore, a model trained on historical data will decrease in usefulness with time as newer and better contexts emerge and replace older ones. We hypothesize that such significant transitions in the context‐usage will likely affect any model predicting chemical contexts trained on historical data. Consequently, training context prediction models warrants careful planning of what data is used for training and how often the model needs to be re‐trained.