Abstract
The severe coastal erosions are being accelerated along the east coast of South Korea owing to the intermittent erosions and depositions caused by the imbalance between the effective sediment volume supplied from coasts and rivers and the sediment transport rate. Consequently, many studies are being conducted to develop coastal-erosion reduction measures. To accurately determine the cause of coastal erosion, the causes of the erosion and deposition should be accurately diagnosed, and a comprehensive evaluation system for the sediment transport mechanism in the watershed and sea while considering regional characteristics is required. In particular, realizing the evaluation of the effective sediment volume that flows from the river to the sea through observations is a highly challenging task, and various research and developments are required to realize it, as it is still in the basic research stage. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the comprehensive sediment budget for coastal areas. First, an analytical system was developed. Then, a shoreline model was constructed by considering the size of the mixed particles. The parameters required for developing the model were determined using the observation data to improve the shoreline model. A sediment runoff model was applied to evaluate the effective sediment volume supplied from the river to the sea, and the applicability of this model was evaluated by comparing it with the sediment supply volume according to the soil and water assessment tool model. The representative wave and the input parameters of the model were set using the observation data of several years. It was found that the prediction performance of the shoreline change model improved when the effective sediment volume was considered, and the particles of the sediment on the shore were assumed to comprise multiple sizes. In particular, the prediction performance improved when the balance of the sediment budget was adjusted by applying a groin having a structurally similar performance to take into consideration the geographic features of the Deokbongsan (island) in front of the river mouth bar. The model demonstrated a good performance in reproducing long-term shoreline changes when the characteristics of the sea waves and the effective sediment volume were considered.
Highlights
The severe coastal erosions are being accelerated along the east coast of South Korea owing to the intermittent erosions and depositions caused by the imbalance between the effective sediment volume supplied from coasts and rivers and the sediment transport rate
The shoreline model was constructed to analyze the sediment budget of Maengbang Beach, and the parameters required for the model were set using the observed data
The characteristics of the sea area were analyzed, and model parameters were set using the observation data collected over several years to analyze the sediment budget, which can be used as important information for establishing measures to reduce coastal erosion
Summary
The severe coastal erosions are being accelerated along the east coast of South Korea owing to the intermittent erosions and depositions caused by the imbalance between the effective sediment volume supplied from coasts and rivers and the sediment transport rate. The majority of maritime states in the world are conducting research to reduce coastal erosion due to various anthropogenic causes, such as the reduction of sediment supply from the land due to surface covering following industrialization and urbanization, river maintenance, dam and weir construction, disturbance of the longshore sediment transport system owing to the increase in coastal structures such as ports and revetments, and coastal sand collection, in addition to natural causes such as climate change, which causes the cycle of surface erosion, sea-level rise, and increased frequency and intensity of storm surges. Long-term (e.g., decadal to centennial) shoreline changes are caused by natural (effective sediment volume) and artificial sediment supply (beach nourishment), sea-level changes, land use, and climate change [5,6,7]. In order to improve the ability to predict shoreline changes and the analysis of the corresponding mechanism, a monitoring analysis is crucial for identifying factors that cause shoreline changes at the scale of the highest possible frequency and longest possible time in a transport environment of a wide range of sediments that exhibit natural variability [8,9,10]
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