Prediction of prognosis using artificial intelligence-based histopathological image analysis in patients with soft tissue sarcomas.

Abstract

Prompt histopathological diagnosis with accuracy is required for soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) which are still challenging. In addition, the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) along with the development of pathology slides digitization may empower the demand for the prediction of behavior of STSs. In this article, we explored the application of deep learning for prediction of prognosis from histopathological images in patients with STS. Our retrospective study included a total of 35 histopathological slides from patients with STS. We trained Inception v3 which is proposed method of convolutional neural network based survivability estimation. F1 score which identify the accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) served as main outcome measures from a 4-fold validation. The cohort included 35 patients with a mean age of 64 years, and the mean follow-up period was 34 months (2-66 months). Our deep learning method achieved AUC of 0.974 and an accuracy of 91.9% in predicting overall survival. Concerning with the prediction of metastasis-free survival, the accuracy was 84.2% with the AUC of 0.852. AI might be used to help pathologists with accurate prognosis prediction. This study could substantially improve the clinical management of patients with STS.