Abstract
The permanent displacement of ground induced by seismic liquefaction is known to significantly damage lifeline networks. This paper is concerned with the prediction of the maximum possible displacement that could occur when the state of soil liquefaction continues for a sufficiently long period. The authors have so far proposed three types of analytical prediction of the ground displacement and their development is followed chronologically in this paper, while explaining the back grounds which led to respective versions. The latest model is supported by the observations of shaking table tests. It is considered therein that the liquefied soil behaves like liquid, leading to the idea that the ground displacement is governed by the minimum-energy principle. Finally, a comparison is made between observed and calculated displacements for several actual cases in the past in order to show that the proposed method of prediction gives good results in spite of its simplicity.
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