Prediction of orthognathic surgery need in children with unilateral cleft lip palate: Dental arch relationships and 5-year-olds' index.

Abstract

To evaluate whether dental arch relationships at 6years of age can categorize treatment outcome and predict later need for orthognathic surgery in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). A retrospective longitudinal single-centre study. The study sample comprised 70 consecutive non-syndromic children (47 boys) with complete UCLP operated on by pushback techniques during 1981-1989 and followed until early adulthood in the same cleft centre. Dental casts and maxillomandibular relationships were assessed before orthodontic treatment and secondary alveolar bone grafting at mean age 6.1years (range 5.6-6.8) using the 5-year-olds' index and lateral cephalograms. The need for orthognathic surgery was retrieved from patient files. Student's t test, Pearson's correlation, and Kappa statistics were used in statistical analyses. Orthognathic surgery frequency was 41% (29/70). Those needing orthognathic surgery comprised all 3 patients with an index score of 5 (very poor), 14 of 17 (82%) scoring 4 (poor), 10 of 26 (38%) scoring 3 (fair), and 2 of 19 (11%) scoring 2 (good). Of the five patients with index score 1 (excellent), none needed osteotomies. The mean index score was 2.9. The score was significantly better in those without orthognathic surgery (2.4 versus 3.6). A significant negative correlation existed between the 5-year-olds' index and cephalometric angles ANB and anb. The use of 5-year-olds' index may help to predict treatment outcome and the clinical need for orthognathic surgery especially in patients with the lowest and highest index scores.