Abstract
The oil palm industry has been recognized for its contribution towards economic growth and rapid development, it has also contributed to environmental pollution due to the production of huge quantities of by-products from the oil extraction process. Current research reports prediction of optimal CN ratio of different mixture percentages of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm pressed fiber (PPF) namely 100% (only POME), 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and 0% (only PPF). Different mixture percentages with varying initial characters results in different C:N ratio which could affect the earthworm growth and the vermicomposting stability. Therefore, the present research aims to predict the optimal mixture by establishing a 3D base model. The models were generated having an average unified formula using mathematical software Matlab. The results obtained in this study indicates that the 3D polynomial graph can explain the relationship between different POME-PPF concentration with respect to earthworm growth and time showing ideal R2 value of 0.99. The regression analysis showed positive correlation between different mixture percentages and earthworm growth in 50% (r = 0.412), 60% (r = 0.509) and 70% (r = 0.441). Therefore, from the model it can conclude that 60% mixture of POME-PPF is an optimal mixture for the vermicomposting process.
Highlights
This experiment was carried out to test how the different mixtures of palm oil mill effluent (POME)-palm pressed fiber (PPF) namely 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and 0% with having different starting CN ratios can affect the resultant CN ratio and earthworm growth
The results obtained in this study indicates that the 3D polynomial graph can explain the relationship between different POME-PPF concentration with respect to earthworm growth and time showing ideal R2 value of 0.99
This study aims to evaluate the kinetic study of different mixtures of POME-PPF and generate a mathematical model in order to predict the optimal mixtures
Summary
This experiment was carried out to test how the different mixtures of POME-PPF namely 100% (only POME), 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and 0% (only PPF) with having different starting CN ratios can affect the resultant CN ratio and earthworm growth. Technological application is to make the best use of epigeic group of earthworms for their ability to feed on partially degraded organic wastes. POME is one of the by-products which produces in abundant from the palm oil mills. Rupani et al [4], studied on the applicability of acidic POME for vermicomposting technology and could successfully achieve matured compost (CN-14) in 40 days of experiment. No further study conducted on evaluating the optimal mixture for vermicomposting process of palm oil mill wastes. This study aims to evaluate the kinetic study of different mixtures of POME-PPF and generate a mathematical model in order to predict the optimal mixtures
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