Abstract
Ground movements caused by deep excavations may potentially lead to building damages in urban cities where the majority of buildings are frame structures. A new damage chart, with two key parameters of the differential settlement and frame dimensions, has been proposed. The chart has been validated against published data, and field measurements have been obtained during the construction of mass rapid transit (North East Line) in Singapore. The proposed chart can be used as an alternative or a supplement to other similar charts. Although the measurement of the frame dimensions is straight forward, the accuracy of the chart highly depends on the predicted building settlement, which still remains a challenge.
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