Abstract
A model of ductile failure of a body with a crack has been developed which enables predicting fracture toughness on the upper shelf of the fracture toughness temperature dependence taking into account the influence of the stress state. The model is based on the physical-mechanical model of ductile failure which is controlled by the critical value ef reached by plastic strain at the crack tip eiρ. In this case it is assumed that both the eiρ value, which precedes the crack growth onset by the mechanism of pore coalescence, and the critical strain ef are functions of specific stress state parameters, namely: the critical strain is a function of the stress state triaxiality σm/σn (σm is the hydrostatic stress, σi is the stress intensity), and eiρ is a function of the parameter χ introduced, which is an explicit function of all three principal local stresses in the process zone at the crack tip and which defines the degree to which the stress state approaches the plane strain conditions for a body of specified thickness. The model developed has two modifications one of which enables predicting fracture toughness of large-size bodies from the results of testing only small cylindrical specimens without cracks (smooth and with a circular recess) and the other from the results of testing small cylindrical specimens and small specimens with a crack.
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