Abstract
In this paper, the calculation of exhaust emission costs originating from aircraft and road vehicles in the base year 2017 and in the forecasting year 2032, in the Republic of Serbia, was carried out. The presented methodology includes a number of influential factors for air transport (airport capacity, number of operations, aircraft type, relevant engine, range) and for road transport (changing of traffic volumes, design and operating speeds, the quality of the pavement structure, type of terrain and category of road sections, dependence of exhaust emission from changes in vehicle speed). It was found that in the current operating conditions, the dominant costs in the total exhaust emission costs are the costs of nitrogen oxides (61%) in road transport, whilst carbon dioxide costs are dominant in air transport (52%). In the future, carbon dioxide costs will have a share of over 80% in the road transport sector and over 58% in the air transport sector in total exhaust emission costs. The average exhaust emission costs per one aircraft operation (international flights) will range from 141 to 145€. In road transport, the average exhaust emission costs at 100 km in 2032 will range from 1.8 to 2.2€.
Highlights
Transport is a key driver of economic and social development
It was found that in the current operating conditions, the dominant costs in the total exhaust emission costs are the costs of nitrogen oxides (61%) in road transport, whilst carbon dioxide costs are dominant in air transport (52%)
For adequate comparison with the results provided in the road transport sector, the estimation was done for the two future development scenarios in the year 2032
Summary
The transport sector is one of the major consumers of energy and one of the major polluters This sector represents an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are causing global warming and climate change. It contributes to numerous urban and regional pollution-related environmental and human health problems through emissions of various air pollutants. What is worrying is the fact that the transport sector in almost all countries, even in those that represent top carbon emitter economies, has not yet managed to reduce carbon emissions [3] This is due to the fact that the transport sector, especially road transport, is still dependent on fossil fuels, which is unsustainable in the long run. The sixth section presents the most important conclusions of this paper
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