Abstract
The ratio of P-to-S-wave velocities (Vp/Vs) is considered as one of the important measures of stressed natural rocks. The changes of this ratio were observed in various earthquakes, however the time of occurrence of the earthquakes were not determined, since the predictions were not combined with other prediction methods. This discriminant provides information about formation and evolution of composition for the earth’s crust. In addition, the changes in Vp/Vs before and after earthquakes are the possibly reliable direction to realizing the mechanics and probably predicting earthquakes. However, due to lattice orientations of anisotropic minerals, most of earth’s rocks are anisotropic and there exist cracks and thin layerings. The changing patterns in Vp/Vs acquired from seismic propagations can be readily analyzed according to the ray path and the polarization of the (P) pressure and (S) shear waves. The variations in their ratios carry information about stress variations of THE crust of the earth. The arising stresses in rocks are the messengers of possible earthquakes. The stations with monitoring devices and Geographical Positioning System (GPS) upgraded WI-FI remote data acquisition system can serve monitoring stress and movements in the earth’s crust. In view present technological developments, the system is reasonable cost effective and prediction of earthquakes can be possible in narrowed time interval. The laboratory tests will be also part of the prediction process.
Highlights
Earthquakes are causing many devastations and deaths every year
As stated in Wang et al [13]; the conventional criteria for Vp/Vs ratio are Vp/Vs ≤ 1.756 for felsic rocks, 1.756 < Vp/Vs ≤ 1.809 for intermediate rocks, 1.809 < Vp/Vs ≤ 1.944 for mafic rocks, and Vp/Vs > 1.944 fluidfilled porous/fractured or partially molten rocks. Seismic waves and their dynamic were studied in depth and the arising stress is the feature of these activities, Aki and Richards [14] and Lowrie [15]
The P and S waves are small amplitude waves propagating initially stressed media, the propagation of these small amplitude harmonic waves in an initially stressed media were developed by Hayes and Rivlin [21] for elastic; Flavin and Green [22] for viscoelastic; and Hayes and Rivlin [23], Cekirge and Suhubi [24], Suhubi [25] and Chadwick [26] for thermoelastic materials
Summary
Earthquakes are causing many devastations and deaths every year. there is no scientific prediction methods does exist so far, Lomnitz [1], Hough [2], Gullu [3], Aggarwal et al [4], Verdugo [5], Liu et al [6], Sara [7] and Crampin et al [8]. As stated in Wang et al [13]; the conventional criteria for Vp/Vs ratio are Vp/Vs ≤ 1.756 for felsic rocks, 1.756 < Vp/Vs ≤ 1.809 for intermediate rocks, 1.809 < Vp/Vs ≤ 1.944 for mafic rocks, and Vp/Vs > 1.944 fluidfilled porous/fractured or partially molten rocks Seismic waves and their dynamic were studied in depth and the arising stress is the feature of these activities, Aki and Richards [14] and Lowrie [15]. These patterns are distorted with the rising stress field in the medium The observation of these could be used as a Huseyin Murat Cekirge: Prediction of Earthquakes; Considering the Ratio of P-to-S Wave Velocities stethoscope for the earth’s crust. The waves are propagating in a medium that is subjected to respectively large static deformations, the State D, Figure 1; with the seismic disturbances, the State S These stresses are the cause of the changing material constants of the medium. The detailed analyses of the governing equations are given in these references
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