Abstract
The discussion of chronic kidney disease (CKD), kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been important. Recently, a useful predictive model of CKD progression to renal failure was reported by the German CKD study group. They include a novel 6-variable risk score (Z6), composed of creatinine, albumin, cystatin C, urea, hemoglobin, and urinary alb/cre ratio (UACR). CKD patients were studied in 3 groups based on educational attainment. Hazard ratios compared to low vs high groups showed mortality of 1.48, MACE 1.37, and renal failure 1.54, respectively. For the prediction of CKD progression, UACR and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are useful.
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