Abstract
Objective: The manuscript aims to explore the relationship between power performance and SNPs of Chinese elite athletes and to create polygenic models. Methods: One hundred three Chinese elite athletes were divided into the power group (n = 60) and endurance group (n = 43) by their sports event. Best standing long jump (SLJ) and standing vertical jump (SVJ) were collected. Twenty SNPs were genotyped by SNaPshot. Genotype distribution and allele frequency were compared between groups. Additional genotype data of 125 Chinese elite athletes were used to verify the screened SNPs. Predictive and identifying models were established by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: ACTN3 (rs1815739), ADRB3 (rs4994), CNTFR (rs2070802), and PPARGC1A (rs8192678) were significantly different in genotype distribution or allele frequency between groups (p < 0.05). The predictive model consisted of ACTN3 (rs1815739), ADRB3 (rs4994), and PPARGC1A (rs8192678), the area under curve (AUC) of which was 0.736. The identifying model consisted of body mass index (BMI), standing vertical jump (SVJ), ACTN3, ADRB3, and PPARGC1A, the area under curve (AUC) of which was 0.854. Based on the two models, nomograms were created to visualize the results. Conclusion: Two models can be used for talent identification in Chinese athletes, among which the predictive model can be used in adolescent athletes to predict development potential of power performance and the identifying one can be used in elite athletes to evaluate power athletic status. These can be applied quickly and visually by using nomograms. When the score is more than the 130 or 148 cutoff, it suggests that the athlete has a good development potential or a high level for power performance.
Highlights
The physical performance and athletic capacity of elite athletes, such as endurance, power, speed, flexibility, and sensitivity, are influenced by many factors, among which genetic factors are important (Puthucheary et al, 2011; Ahmetov et al, 2016; Peplonska et al, 2017)
Determination of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Power Performance
There were significant differences in genotype distribution or allele frequency of four Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP): ACTN3, ADRB3, CNTFR, and PPARGC1A (p < 0.05); there was no significant difference in all SNPs with the correction of multiple comparison test based on the method of Benjamini and Hochberg (Benjamini and Hochberg, 1995) (Table 1)
Summary
The physical performance and athletic capacity of elite athletes, such as endurance, power, speed, flexibility, and sensitivity, are influenced by many factors, among which genetic factors are important (Puthucheary et al, 2011; Ahmetov et al, 2016; Peplonska et al, 2017). It has been reported that the estimated heritability of muscle strength and mass varies from approximately 30–80% with large differences of muscle groups, contraction velocities, and muscle lengths (Peeters et al, 2009) These genetic variants may contribute to elite athletic performance such as power. A SNP of R577X (rs1815739) in the ACTN3 gene modifies the attainment of elite power-oriented athletic performance status (Yang et al, 2017; Tharabenjasin et al, 2019) In this SNP, common C-to-T base substitution results in the transformation of an arginine base (R) to a premature stop codon (X). Previous polygenic studies did not differentiate the role of SNPs in prediction and identification; it is hard to be applied in talent identification (Ruiz et al, 2010; Buxens et al, 2011)
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