Abstract
High friction surfacing (HFS) is a specialist type of road coating with very high skid resistance. It is used in the UK at locations where there is significant risk of serious or fatal accidents. This paper considers the aggregate used in HFS. Calcined bauxite is the only aggregate that provides the highest levels of skid resistance over the longest period. No naturally occurring aggregate has been found to give a comparable level of in-service performance. This paper reviews the historical development of HFS in the UK relating to aggregate. In-service performance is predicted in the laboratory using the Wear test which subjects test specimens to an estimated 5–8 years simulated trafficking. Examples are given of Wear test data. They illustrate why calcined bauxite performs better than natural aggregate. They show how the amount of calcined bauxite can be reduced by blending with high skid resistant natural aggregates. Data from the Wear test can be related to every HFS laboratory experiment and road trial carried out in the UK for over the last 50 years. Anyone considering the prediction of HFS performance needs to carefully consider the data given in this paper with any other test method currently being considered or used to investigate HFS.
Highlights
High Friction Surfacing (HFS) is a specialist, high performance road surface material that is applied as a thin coating
This paper considers how the in-service performance of HFS may be predicted in the laboratory
The following gives typical Wear test examples to show what may be expected for different The following gives typical Wear test examples to show what may be expected for different types types of aggregate when used in HFS. It is important for anyone considering the use of HFS that an of aggregate when used in HFS. It is important for anyone considering the use of HFS that an extreme extreme form of simulated trafficked be used to prove whether the chosen aggregate will provide a form of simulated trafficked be used to prove whether the chosen aggregate will provide a surfacing surfacing that will result in less serious and fatal accidents
Summary
High Friction Surfacing (HFS) is a specialist, high performance road surface material that is applied as a thin coating. HFS is used at road locations where there is a high risk of accidents that may result in serious injury or death. It has been used in the United Kingdom (UK) since the early 1960s. A considerable amount of laboratory and full-scale roads trials was done in its early development resulting in understanding of material requirements and methods of prediction. This paper considers how the in-service performance of HFS may be predicted in the laboratory. HFS is a high-performance road surface material and predicting how it performs is critical as incorrect prediction may result in unexpected road accidents, serious injury or loss of life. Laboratory testing must be severe and be able to highlight problems associated with in-service use
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