Abstract
BackgroundThere are several synergistic methods available. However, there is a vast discrepancy in the interpretation of the synergistic results. Also, these synergistic methods do not assess the influence the tested components (drugs, plant and natural extracts), have upon one another, when more than two components are combined.MethodsA modified checkerboard method was used to evaluate the synergistic potential of Heteropyxis natalensis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and the green tea extract known as TEAVIGO™. The synergistic combination was tested against the oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia and Candida albicans. Inhibition data obtained from the checkerboard method, in the form of binary code, was used to compute a logistic response model with statistically significant results (p < 0.05). This information was used to construct a novel predictive inhibition model.ResultsBased on the predictive inhibition model for each microorganism, the oral pathogens tested were successfully inhibited (at 100% probability) with their respective synergistic combinations. The predictive inhibition model also provided information on the influence that different components have upon one another, and on the overall probability of inhibition.ConclusionsUsing the logistic response model negates the need to ‘calculate’ synergism as the results are statistically significant. In successfully determining the influence multiple components have upon one another and their effect on microbial inhibition, a novel predictive model was established. This ability to screen multiple components may have far reaching effects in ethnopharmacology, agriculture and pharmaceuticals.
Highlights
In plates C and D the addition of TEAVIGOTM seemed to have little effect on either H. natalensis or M. alternifolia; when TEAVIGOTM was added to the essential oils, M. piperita and M. alternifolia both essential oils minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)’s were reduced from 1.17% v/v to 0.29% v/v overall
There is a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of the components in combination when compared to the MIC values of the individual components
The reverse situation occurred for the combination of M. piperita, M. alternifolia and TEAVIGOTM, where an increase in antimicrobial activity was noted for M. piperita and M. alternifolia on P. intermedia but there were no noticeable effects on C. albicans and S. mutans
Summary
There is a vast discrepancy in the interpretation of the synergistic results. These synergistic methods do not assess the influence the tested components (drugs, plant and natural extracts), have upon one another, when more than two components are combined. Synergistic interaction between components i.e. drugs, plant and natural extracts can enhance their efficacy and bioactivity against a target. There is limited information available with regards to assessing the influence multiple components have upon one another in combination. The overall influence of the combination against the selected target would be affected This investigation aims to use ‘a statistical approach that would allow for a more reliable and qualitative assessment of pharmacological interactions’ [3]. The influences of multiple components upon one another and their effect on microbial inhibition were investigated
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