Abstract
This paper presents CFD predictions for the evaporation of nearly spherical suspended droplets for ambient temperatures in the range 0.56 up to 1.62 of the critical fuel temperature, under atmospheric pressures. The model solves the Navier-Stokes equations along with the energy conservation equation and the species transport equations; the Volume of Fluid (VOF) methodology has been utilized to capture the liquid-gas interface using an adaptive local grid refinement technique aiming to minimize the computational cost and achieve high resolution at the liquid-gas interface region. A local evaporation rate model independent of the interface shape is further utilized by using the local vapor concentration gradient on the droplet-gas interface and assuming saturation thermodynamic conditions. The model results are compared against experimental data for suspended droplet evaporation at ambient air cross flow including single- and multi-component droplets as well as experiments for non-convective conditions. It is proved that the detailed evaporation process under atmospheric pressure conditions can be accurately predicted for the wide range of ambient temperature conditions investigated.
Highlights
Droplet evaporation is an important phenomenon realized in several engineering and physical processes; it has been addressed in several textbooks, see selectively [1,2,3,4] and review articles [5,6,7,8]
These refer to subcritical ambient temperature conditions and include the evaporation of single- and multicomponent droplets at moderate Re numbers
The computational domain, the boundary conditions and the grid used for these cases are shown in Fig. 2a; they are similar to these used in Strotos et al [42]
Summary
Droplet evaporation is an important phenomenon realized in several engineering and physical processes; it has been addressed in several textbooks, see selectively [1,2,3,4] and review articles [5,6,7,8]. Relative to previous relevant CFD studies with the VOF methodology resolving the complete fluid transport processes during vaporization, including the work of the authors presented in [42], this is one of the first studies (at least to the authors’ knowledge) that examines droplet evaporation at temperature ambient conditions above the critical fuel temperature and validates against experimental data the model for a wide range of temperatures.
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