Abstract
Fly ash, as a supplemental pozzolanic material, reduces concrete’s adverse environmental footprint by decreasing the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) during the cement manufacturing process. Fly ash, which is a waste material, can enhance both the mechanical characteristics and durability of concrete, and has the capability to play an important role in sustainable design. Considering the widespread interest in applying Fly ash, and despite research studies, the level of replacement is still unclear. In this paper, a novel method using artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented to predict concrete’s mechanical characteristics by adding Fly ash. In this regard, a host of available experimental data, such as the properties of Fly ash, along with concrete additives, was fed into an ANN model. Concrete samples’ tensile and compressive strengths, in addition to their modulus of elasticity, were defined as outputs. It was observed that the predicted outcomes agreed well with the experimental results. To further enhance the research outcomes, simple but practical equations are presented to assess the effect of using Fly ash on concrete’s mechanical characteristics.
Highlights
Three major aspects—Resource Conservation, Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and HumanFriendly Designs (HFD)—fully affect the Sustainability of the Built Environment (SBE).Nowadays, the concept of the 3Rs, i.e., Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, are commonly utilized in Resource Conservation [1]
The prime objective of the current study is to present a simple but reliable empirical formula based on artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the mechanical properties of concrete, namely the compressive strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity, in mixtures including Fly ash
After ensuring the network’s suitable performance and the response accuracy, to estimate the mechanical characteristics of concrete made with Fly ash, three separate networks were trained using 70% of the data, and their performance was evaluated using 15% of the data
Summary
Three major aspects—Resource Conservation, Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and HumanFriendly Designs (HFD)—fully affect the Sustainability of the Built Environment (SBE).Nowadays, the concept of the 3Rs, i.e., Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, are commonly utilized in Resource Conservation [1]. Embodies Energy, defined as the energy consumed for raw material extraction, transportation, manufacture, assembly, installation, disassembly, and deconstruction for any product system over the duration of a product’s life, based on [2], is one of the important considerations when measuring the sustainability of a building material. The amount of embodied CO2 (ECO2 ), i.e., the total amount of CO2 produced in the extraction and transportation of raw materials and their manufacture into the final product, is directly compatible with cement content in concrete mix designs, since in the production process of Portland cement, a huge amount of energy is consumed, and a remarkable amount of CO2 is produced [3,4,5]. The high amount of cement consumption and CO2 emissions have led to increased global awareness, and inspired researchers to develop sustainable options
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