Abstract
The clinical outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is strongly influenced from the potential complications arising during the delicate phase of post-transplant immune restoration. The quantitative aspects of immune-cell repopulation after HSCT and the qualitative features their functional restitution have been extensively reported. Nevertheless, measurable immune biomarkers predicting the clinical outcome of HSCT await formal validation. The aim of this review is an appraisal of most studies published so far on the predictive value of different T and NK-cell biomarkers after HSCT with emphasis on defined thresholds endorsed by multivariate analysis.
Highlights
The restoration of a functional immune system is one of the main factors influencing the clinical outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
The aim of this review is an appraisal of most studies published so far on the predictive value of different T and NK-cell biomarkers after HSCT with emphasis on defined thresholds endorsed by multivariate analysis
It is important to distinguish between immune reconstitution, which refers to quantitative immunecell repopulation, and immune recovery, which pertains to their qualitative restitution
Summary
The restoration of a functional immune system is one of the main factors influencing the clinical outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The quantitative aspects of immune reconstitution post-transplant and the qualitative features of immune recovery have been the subject of several studies, a tight association between measurable immune biomarkers and the clinical outcome of HSCT, is currently missing. The specific issue of validating thresholds of immune measurements that may help predicting the incidence of major post-transplant events, such as opportunistic infections, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and disease relapse, has been approached by single-center, necessarily small-sized studies. The aim of this review is an appraisal of the studies published so far on the predictive value of different T and NK-cell biomarkers after HSCT with emphasis on the thresholds chosen for statistical analysis. CD8+ T cells iNKT/T ratio TREC values Tregs frequencies CMV-specific CD8+ T cells
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