Predicting quality of life during and post detention in incarcerated juveniles

E L De Ruigh,R R J M Vermeiren,J W R Twisk,L M C Jansen,H S Van Der Baan,R W Wiers,A Popma

doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02160-6

Abstract

PurposeBesides reducing recidivism, juvenile justice institutions aim to rehabilitate juvenile delinquents, in order for them to reintegrate in society. As such, improving quality of life (QoL), especially post detention, is an important treatment goal. However, research is primarily focused on recidivism as an outcome measure for juvenile detention. The aim of the current study is therefore to describe and predict QoL of detained young offenders up to 1 year after an initial assessment, and to examine whether QoL differs between youth who are still detained versus released.MethodsA sample of 186 juveniles admitted to juvenile justice institutions in the Netherlands was assessed within the institution (initial assessment/T0), using psychosocial and neurobiological factors as predictors (self-control, treatment motivation, trauma, mental health problems, respiratory sinus arrhythmia). QoL (MANSA), as well as substance use (alcohol, cannabis) and daily activities (education, work) were assessed at first, second, and third follow-up (respectively 2.5 months, 4.5 months, and 12 months after T0).ResultsQoL increased from first to third follow-up, and was higher for individuals who were no longer detained. The model that best predicted higher QoL upon follow-up consisted of lower trauma and stronger parasympathetic nervous system reactivity. The effects of the predictors did not differ between the various follow-ups, nor between individuals who were or were not detained.ConclusionMethods incorporating trauma-sensitive focus and relaxation techniques in treatment protocols in juvenile justice institutions may be of added value in improving the general functioning of these individuals.

Highlights

Delinquent behavior in detained youths is often accompanied by a variety of psychosocial and mental health problems [1]
For a subset of the current sample, we examined whether quality of life (QoL) at follow-up (T1–T3) differed between participants with a first offense (11.3%, n = 21) and multiple offenses (34.4%, n = 64; missing: n = 101); this was not the case
Higher self-control, lower trauma, and less mental health problems at T0 were predictive of better QoL at follow-up, while respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and treatment motivation were not predictive of QoL

Summary

Introduction

Delinquent behavior in detained youths is often accompanied by a variety of psychosocial and mental health problems [1]. Prisoners’ mental health is substantially worse in comparison to the general population [2]. Problems experienced by delinquent juveniles likely existed prior to admission and often persist post release [3,4,5,6]. Incarceration itself has been shown to have a negative, iatrogenic impact [7, 8]. A review by Lambie and Randell [8] summarized that incarceration results in inferior education, as well as negative effects on social relationships, mental health, and physical health, thereby compromising reintegration. Cumulative risk behaviors after release further compromise the youngster’s future [9], impacting their well-being far into adulthood.

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