Abstract
AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Due to the lack of accurate tests to distinguish aggressive cancer from indolent tumor, prostate cancer is often over-treated. Post-surgery pathology analysis revealed that 30% of tumors removed by radical prostatectomy are deemed clinically insignificant and would not have required such invasive treatment.^1^ Over-diagnosis and treatment of low-risk prostate cancer has serious and long-lasting side effect: as high as 70% of the patients who receive radical prostatectomy treatment will suffer a loss of sexual potency that cannot be remedied by drugs such as sildenafil citrate.^2^ We herein report a simple nanoparticle-serum protein adsorption test that not only can distinguish prostate cancer from normal and benign conditions, but also is capable of predicting the aggressiveness of prostate cancer quantitatively. This new test could potentially deliver the long-expected and very much needed solution for better individualization of prostate cancer treatment.
Highlights
The nanoparticle test we report here is based on a new bioanalytical technique, nanoparticleenabled dynamic light scattering assay (NanoDLSayTM) that we developed earlier.[3,4,5,6,7,8] This technique detects protein analytes by monitoring the nanoparticle size change upon specific binding or non-specific adsorption of target protein analytes to the AuNPs
The average particle size of the assay solution is substantially smaller for mice carrying large tumor grown from orthotopically injected PC3 cells compared to healthy control mice and mice bearing smaller tumor grown from LnCaP cells.[8]
In order to determine if the same difference observed from the mice models can be observed from human serum samples, we attempted to increase the amount of cancer-specific components by spiking the serum samples with primary tumor tissue extracts prior to the AuNP adsorption test
Summary
The nanoparticle test we report here is based on a new bioanalytical technique, nanoparticleenabled dynamic light scattering assay (NanoDLSayTM) that we developed earlier.[3,4,5,6,7,8] This technique detects protein analytes by monitoring the nanoparticle size change upon specific binding or non-specific adsorption of target protein analytes to the AuNPs. The average particle size of the assay solution is substantially smaller for mice carrying large tumor grown from orthotopically injected PC3 cells compared to healthy control mice and mice bearing smaller tumor grown from LnCaP cells.[8] we did not observe the same dramatic difference from human serum samples with and without prostate cancer.
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