Abstract
Unsaturated soils used as compacted subgrade, backfill, or foundation materials react unfavorably under hydraulically bound environments due to swell and shrink cycles in response to seasonal changes. To overcome these undesirable conditions, additive stabilization processes are used to improve the volume change phenomenon in soils. However, the use of supplementary binders made from solid waste base powder materials has become necessary to deal with the hazards of greenhouse due to ordinary cement use. Meanwhile, several studies are being carried out to design infrastructures even with the limitations of insufficient or lack of equipment needed for efficient design performance. Intelligent prediction techniques have been used to overcome this shortcoming as the primary purpose of this research work. Therefore, in this work, genetic programming (GP) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been used to predict the consistency limits, i.e., liquid limits, plastic limit, and plasticity index of unsaturated soil treated with a composite binder known as hybrid cement (HC) made from blending nanostructured quarry fines (NQF) and hydrated-lime-activated nanostructured rice husk ash (HANRHA). The database needed for the prediction operation was generated from several experiments corresponding with treatment dosages of HANRHA between 0 and 12% at a rate of 0.1%. The results of the stabilization exercise showed substantial development on the soil properties examined, while the prediction exercise showed that ANN outclassed GP in terms of performance evaluation, which was conducted using sum of squared error (SSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) indices. Generally, nanostructuring of the component binder material has contributed to the success achieved in both soil improvement and efficiency of the models predicted.
Highlights
IntroductionSoil Improvement and Stabilization Techniques and Purposes
Various techniques have been used for soil stabilization based on studies involving various materials such as sodium hydroxide additives, fly ash geopolymeric binders, ashes, and cementitious binders so as to ascertain their suitability as soil stabilizers
Rice husk ash generated by combusting rice husk was obtained from farm dumpsites and local rice mills in Abakaliki, where the people’s primary occupation is rice farming. is agro-industrial waste disposal is a huge environmental problem in Ebonyi state, Nigeria, due to the lack of waste management system. e rice husk ash (RHA) was further pulverized to fineness and sieved with 200 nm sieves to obtain nanostructured or nanotextured rice husk ash (NRHA)
Summary
Soil Improvement and Stabilization Techniques and Purposes. A number of benefits ranging from economy and environmental friendliness have triggered the physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, or combined practice of changing a natural soil to meet an engineering purpose. Soil improvement encompasses enhancing its bearing capabilities, tensile strength, and general performance for geotechnical and structural applications [1]. Soil stabilization leads to improved soil strength, durability stiffness, and reduction in soil plasticity and swelling/shrinkage tendencies. Soil stabilization can be categorized into mechanical stabilization and chemical stabilization. Mechanical stabilization induces changes in soil gradation by blending it with other types of soils of various specifications and properties. Is leads to a compacted soil mass, which can play more severe or critical Mechanical stabilization induces changes in soil gradation by blending it with other types of soils of various specifications and properties. is leads to a compacted soil mass, which can play more severe or critical
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