Abstract
To detect depression in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), this preliminary study developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model aimed at discriminating the emotional valence of PLHIV. Sixteen PLHIV recruited from the Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, participated in this study from 2019 to 2020. A self-developed mobile application (app) was installed on sixteen participants’ mobile phones and recorded their daily voice clips and emotional valence values. After data preprocessing of the collected voice clips was conducted, an open-source software, openSMILE, was applied to extract 384 voice features. These features were then tested with statistical methods to screen critical modeling features. Several decision-tree models were built based on various data combinations to test the effectiveness of feature selection methods. The developed model performed very well for individuals who reported an adequate amount of data with widely distributed valence values. The effectiveness of feature selection methods, limitations of collected data, and future research were discussed.
Highlights
Studies have found that people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are more likely to be depressed than ordinary people due to negative emotions to initial diagnosis, the stress of living with chronic illness, perceived and internalized stigma, and the side effects of HIV drugs [1,2,3,4,5]
This study was conducted in the Taoyuan General Hospital, a 900-bed tertiary referred hospital located in Northern Taiwan
As Sixteen participants reported data records, in which a participant recorded in andFigure uploaded the voice clip and emotionalavalence in a day
Summary
The prevalence of depression among PLHIV was between 18% and 81% [3,6,7,8]. Depression in PLHIV can result in increased substance abuse [9,10], increased high-risk sexual behaviors [11], more rapid HIV progression [7,12], cognitive impairment [6,13,14], and increased risk of suicidality [5,15,16,17,18,19]. Were proposed to help PLHIV manage depression. Swendeman et al [21]
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