Predicting childhood obesity prevention behaviors using social cognitive theory for elementary school students in Taiwan

Abstract

Childhood obesity and overweight are among the most serious public health challenges in Taiwan. Moderate daily physical activity, limiting screen viewing, drinking more water, and consuming adequate fruits and vegetables are modifiable and particularly important for preventing childhood obesity. Self-efficacy, expectations, and self-control were used to predict each of the four behaviors. A valid and reliable instrument was administered to 222 upper elementary students. Minutes of physical activity were predicted by self-efficacy and self-control to exercise (R2 = 0.111). Hours of TV watching were predicted by self-efficacy of watching less than 2 hour of TV (R2 = 0.136). Glasses of water consumed were predicted by self-efficacy for drinking water and age (R2 = 0.093). Servings of fruits and vegetables consumed were predicted by self-efficacy of eating fruits and vegetables (R2 = 0.089). This research provided useful guidance based on social cognitive theory for building prevention programs specific to this group.