Predicting battery impedance spectra from 10-second pulse tests under 10 Hz sampling rate

Abstract

Onboard measuring the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for lithium-ion batteries is a long-standing issue that limits the technologies such as portable electronics and electric vehicles. Challenges arise from not only the high sampling rate required by the Shannon Sampling Theorem but also the sophisticated real-life battery-using profiles. We here propose a fast and accurate EIS predicting system by combining the fractional-order electric circuit model-a highly nonlinear model with clear physical meanings-with a median-filtered neural network machine learning. Over 1000 load profiles collected under different state-of-charge and state-of-health are utilized for verification, and the root-mean-squared-error of our predictions could be bounded by 1.1mΩ and 2.1mΩ when using dynamic profiles last for 3min and 10s, respectively. Our method allows using size-varying input data sampled at a rate down to 10Hz and unlocks opportunities to detect the battery's internal electrochemical characteristics onboard via low-cost embedded sensors.