Predicting 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A novel method using the routine full blood count

Abstract

Background 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is common affecting nearly 1 in 3000, including many with DiGeorge Syndrome and 5% of individuals with congenital heart disease. Diagnosis is important because affected patients have impaired immune function and may suffer high mortality rates if given non-irradiated blood products from graft versus host disease. Symptomatic hypocalcaemia may also occur. Our objective was to determine whether mean platelet volume (MPV), available from the routine full blood count, may be a useful and rapid indicator of 22q11.2 deletion. Method A retrospective case control cohort study analysing MPV and 22q11.2 deletion status was performed in a paediatric population ( n = 166) undergoing cardiac surgery between 1999 and 2005. Results Twenty children were 22q11.2 positive. The median MPV was significantly larger for the 22q11.2 positive patient group compared to the non-22q11.2 patients (10.9 fL versus 8.6 fL, p < 0.001). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of MPV was large enough (0.85) to enable the accurate prediction of 22q11.2 deletion using MPV. Conclusions MPV is a useful screening test, involving no extra laboratory work, cost or patient discomfort. MPV > 10 fL is a positive predictor of the presence of 22q11.2 deletion in children with congenital heart disease (specificity 89.7%). This finding should aid rapid decision-making for ordering irradiated blood products to prevent potentially fatal transfusion-associated graft versus host disease. It will alert clinicians to monitor serum calcium levels closely to prevent hypocalcaemic seizures.