Abstract
Abstract To show how predicate calculus can represent statements about col¬ lections of objects. To describe some rules of inference in the predicate calculus. To show how predicate calculus can be used for program specification. In the previous chapter propositional calculus was described. System specifications and statements of requirements were used as concrete examples of its utility. It was stressed that the examples used were artificial in the sense that they were small. However, the examples were artificial in another respect. They were carefully chosen so that they could be expressed in propositional calculus. Unfortunately, the propositional calculus alone is an inadequate medium for expressing many system specifications.
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