Abstract
Precompaction embryos essentially utilize aerobic respiration rather than anaerobic glycolysis for energy production. They do not use glucose because the phosphofructokinase (Pfk) enzyme is inhibited, and glucose transporter proteins (Gluts) are not located in the cell membrane. Cells use anaerobic glycolysis only in the absence of O2. In contrast, cancer cells prefer to use glycolysis by shifting their metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis by up-regulating Hif-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor) expression of Glut1 and Pfk under hypoxic conditions.
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