Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component of catechins predominantly present in various types of tea. EGCG is well known for a wide spectrum of biological activities as an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. The effect of EGCG on cell death mechanisms via the induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy has been documented. Moreover, its anti-proliferative action has been demonstrated in many cancer cell lines. It was also involved in the modulation of cyclooxygenase-2, oxidative stress and inflammation of different cellular processes. EGCG has been reported as a promising agent target for plasma membrane proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor. In addition, it has been demonstrated a mechanism of action relying on the inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, EGCG and its derivatives were used in proteasome inhibition and they were involved in epigenetic mechanisms. In summary, EGCG is the most predominant and bioactive constituent of tea and may play a role in cancer prevention.
Highlights
Tea has been known to be the world most renowned non-alcoholic beverage since ancient times and it is currently being utilized by two-thirds population of the world, owing to its taste, stimulating effects, unique aroma, and associated health perspectives [1,2]
This review focuses on catechins that are derived from green tea and in particular on Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which represents 50% to 80% of all Camellia sinensis catechins (200–300 mg/brewed cup of green tea) [13]
The combined treatment of EGCG with IIF (6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene) reduced the invasive phenotype and up-regulated the expression of molecules that are involved in the invasion process, again acting on EGFR/Akt pathway and their regulated targets, such as CD44, extracellular matrix metalloproteinases inducer (EMMPRIN), matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) [75]
Summary
Tea has been known to be the world most renowned non-alcoholic beverage since ancient times and it is currently being utilized by two-thirds population of the world, owing to its taste, stimulating effects, unique aroma, and associated health perspectives [1,2]. The major biologically active moiety present in leaves of green tea are classified as catechins that nearly account for 25–35% on dry weight basis This catechin group comprises eight phenolic flavonoid constituents, catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) [3,4]. Carbon-3 of ring-C is esterified with a gallate molecule They regulate their capability to interact with biological matter via hydrogen bonding, a hydrogen and electron transferring process contained by their antioxidative potentials.
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