Pre‐Clinical Mouse Models of Primary and Metastatic Pleural Cancers of the Lung and Breast and the Use of Bioluminescent Imaging to Monitor Pleural Tumor Burden

Abstract

Malignant pleural disease (MPD) results in an estimated 150,000 cases of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) annually. The most common malignancies associated with MPD are primary malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and metastatic lung cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma. MPM is a rare, regionally aggressive malignancy whose incidence is increasing secondarily to the latency of disease progression. MPD is characteristic of advanced-stage pleural disease and portends a grave clinical prognosis with a median survival between 3 and 12 months. Preclinical investigations conducted in flank and intraperitoneal tumor models do not fully recapitulate the pleural tumor microenvironment, and the results are not directly translatable to the clinical setting. The protocol described herein provides a mouse model of MPM and MPD from nonhematogenous tumors, resulting in reproducible tumor location, tumor progression, animal survival, and histopathology. Pleural tumor growth in this model resembles the regionally aggressive clinical course and tumor microenvironment of human pleural cancers and provides an optimal animal model to investigate MPD biology and therapies.