Precision pest control using purpose-built uncrewed aerial system (UAS) technology and a novel bait pod system

Abstract

Controlling invasive species is critical due to their impact on disease transmission, endangerment of native species, and biodiversity loss. While crewed aircraft can effectively distribute bait over large areas to target pests, their use becomes impractical and costly in small, isolated regions with rugged terrain. Though feasible in smaller sites, ground control operations pose challenges such as high expenses, safety risks, and potential worker injuries in hazardous terrain. An innovative approach employing unmanned aerial systems (UASs) for precise bait deployment has been developed to address these issues. Our team engineered a purpose-built system designed specifically for deploying bait within innovative bait pods. Field trials in New Zealand validated its efficacy, with significant improvements observed in subsequent trials due to enhancements in bait pod design. The median deployment accuracy achieved was 1.91 meters from the target, with no statistically significant difference between open and forested areas. This advanced system enables precise bait placement, facilitating pest control in complex landscapes, challenging terrain, and dense vegetation. Its smart functionality and adaptability allow maximum accuracy and efficiency across various aircraft and autopilot systems. This innovative tool holds promise in managing invasive species, complementing existing strategies to expedite ecosystem restoration and safeguard biodiversity.