Abstract
The precision of frequency of a standard time broadcast depends on the precision of the frequency standard used to control the transmission as well as on the characteristics of the radio propagation path involved. The advent of atomic clocks, in recent years, have made available frequency standards of such a high precision that the uncertainty in the propagation path now appears to limit the ultimate precision of a standard time signal. The precision can be improved by integration coupled with a suitable choice of the operating frequency. It is the purpose of this paper to review the recent developments in the standard frequency transmission as well as the influence of ionospheric and trans-ionospheric propagation on the frequency of the transmission.
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