Precision Medicine in Head and Neck Cancer: Tailoring Therapies to Molecular Profiles

Abstract

Head and neck cancer refers to a diverse range of cancers with intricate molecular profiles that require individualised treatment strategies. Oncology is being revolutionised by precision medicine, which provides customised medicines based on unique tumour features. The aim of this review is to examine the state of precision medicine in head and neck cancer and its future prospects. Molecular profiling, biomarker-driven therapy, developing technologies, obstacles, and clinical consequences are highlighted. To compile the most recent research findings and trends in precision oncology for head and neck tumours, a thorough study of the PubMed literature was carried out. A variety of genetic changes and signalling pathways have been revealed by molecular characterisation, underscoring the importance of biomarkers such as EGFR and PD-L1 in directing targeted therapy. Liquid biopsy and genomic sequencing are two emerging technologies that have the potential to improve molecular profiling. Widespread use is hampered by issues such tumour heterogeneity, tissue sample accessibility, and cost-effective deployment. In conclusion, there is potential for improving precision medicine for head and neck cancer through the combination of cutting-edge technologies, biomarker-driven treatments, and patient-centric methods. Reaching the most benefit of customised care requires overcoming obstacles and improving accessibility.