Abstract
Herein we discuss precision medicine for ependymoma. We reviewed the new molecular classifications of ependymoma, studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and proliferation, and the various studies exploring new therapeutic strategies. Of the nine molecular classifications of ependymoma, supratentorial ependymomas with ZFTA fusion, posterior fossa PFA group, and spinal ependymomas with MYCN amplification are treatment-resistant, and candidates for precision medicine. Precision medicine is considered to select a treatment method based on molecular biological information, but its application is thought to be difficult for ependymomas with few somatic mutations. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the development and growth of PFA ependymomas without recurrent somatic mutations. It has been found that ZFTA forms fusion genes with various genes other than the typical ZFTA-RELA fusion, and a common therapeutic target has been suggested for the genes downstream of it. Unfortunately, these findings have not yet been clinically applied to precision medicine for ependymoma, but newer discoveries are gradually accumulating. Further development of research is warranted.
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