Abstract
The terms Precision Medicine and Personalized Medicine are used interchangeably but there are subtle differences between the two. Obtaining scientific information (for example, about genotype and phenotype and biomarkers) and then deciding the treatment is Precision Medicine. Personalized Medicine on the other hand refers to taking other factors pertaining to the patient (e.g., preferences, socioeconomic factors and patient) into account and then prescribing a treatment that is suitable for the patient. This review presents the concept of Precision Medicine as applied to diabetes (Precision Diabetes). It discusses planning suitable treatment strategies for different subtypes of diabetes and incorporating specific treatment plans (personalized treatment) for patients with diabetes. It also addresses the challenges in delivering precision diabetes treatment to all people with diabetes. Finally, it outlines where Precision Diabetes has already become a reality in the diabetes clinic e.g., in Monogenic diabetes and where it is still a work in progress (e.g., in type 1 and type 2 diabetes).
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